The technical notes have been produced by technical experts contracted by UNCTAD within the Trust Fund project "Capacity building in developing countries and least developed countries to support their effective participation in the WTO Negotiations Process on trade facilitation", financed by the Governments of Sweden and Spain. Their purpose is to assist Geneva- and capital-based negotiators to better understand the scope and implications of the various trade facilitation measures being proposed in the context of negotiations at the WTO. The technical notes have not been edited, and the opinions expressed may not necessarily coincide with those of the organization or the donors of the Trust Fund.